A higher BMI was significantly associated with a diagnosis of MOGAD-ON ( p < 0.001) in MOGAD patients the mean BMI was 31.6 kg/m 2 (standard deviation (SD) 7.2), while the mean BMI was 24.7 kg/m 2 (SD 5.3) in AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD patients, and 26.9 kg/m 2 (SD 6.2) in MS patients. Main outcome measures included BMI in patients with acute ON and subsequent diagnosis of MOGAD, AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD or MS. A mixed model analysis was performed to assess the potential of obesity or BMI to predict MOGAD-ON, and to distinguish MOGAD-ON from AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD-ON and MS-ON. The following data was collected: age, sex, ethnicity, BMI (documented before corticosteroid treatment), and the ON etiology after diagnostic work-up. In this multicenter non-interventional retrospective study, data was collected from patients with a first ever demyelinating attack of ON subsequently diagnosed with MOGAD (n = 44), AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD (n = 49) or MS (n = 90) between 20. We aimed to investigate a possible association between obesity (body mass index > 30 kg/m 2) in patients with MOGAD, aquaporin 4-IgG positive NMOSD (AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD) or MS. While obesity has been reported to potentially be a risk factor for MS, this has not been explored in NMOSD or MOGAD. The pathophysiology underlying these diseases, especially MOGAD, is still being elucidated. Optic neuritis (ON) is a frequent presentation at onset of multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD).
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